1981 At least 800 persons in the world's worst rail disaster,
seven coaches of an overcrowded passenger train were blown off the tracks
into the River Kosi, in Bihar, India.
1977 Stefan
Bergman, mathematician
1976 J. Paul Getty, 83, of heart failure, in London, multi-billionaire
(“remember, a billion dollars isn't worth what it used to be.”
he said in 1957) oil magnate, president and majority owner of Getty Oil
Company, owner of controling interest in some 200 other companies, born
on 15 December 1892 (“In building a large fortune, it pays to be
born at the right time. If I had been born earlier or later, I would
have missed the great business opportunities that existed in World War
I and later.”). Five divorces. Author of History of the Oil Business
of George Franklin Getty and J. Paul Getty, 1903-39 — The Joys of
Collecting (1965), and Europe in the Eighteenth Century (1949).
1972: 427 in explosion at world's largest coal mine (Wankie,
Rhodesia)
1972 Abraham
Albert, mathematician
1968
Robert F. Kennedy ^top^
At 12:50 a.m. PST early the previous
day, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, a presidential candidate, had
just completed a speech celebrating his victory in the California
Primary, and was making his way out of the ballroom of the Ambassador
Hotel in Los Angeles, when he was shot three times in a hail
of gunfire. Five others were wounded. The apparent shooter,
Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan, had a smoking .22 revolver wrested
from his grip and was promptly arrested. Kennedy, critically
wounded, was rushed to the hospital where he fought for his
life for the next thirty-two hours. On the morning of 06 June,
he died, and two days later was buried at Arlington National
Cemetery, the final resting place of his assassinated older
brother, President John F. Kennedy.
Robert Kennedy, a legal counsel
for various Senate subcommittees during the 1950s, served as
the manager of his brother’s successful presidential campaign
in 1960. Appointed attorney general by President Kennedy, he
proved a vigorous member of the cabinet, zealously prosecuting
cases relating to civil rights while closely advising the president
on various domestic and foreign issues.
After Kennedy’s assassination
in 1963, he joined President Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration,
but resigned in 1964 to run successfully in New York for a Senate
seat. Known in Congress as an advocate of social reform and
defender of the rights of minorities, he also voiced criticism
of the war in Vietnam. In 1968, he was urged by many of his
supporters to run for president as an anti-war and socially
progressive Democratic. Hesitant until he saw positive primary
returns for fellow anti-war candidate Eugene McCarthy, he announced
his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination on
16 March 1968.
Fifteen days later, President
Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection, and Vice
President Hubert Humphrey became the key Democratic hopeful,
with McCarthy and Kennedy trailing closely behind. However,
Kennedy conducted an energetic campaign, and on June 4, 1968,
he won a major victory in the California primary. In the early
hours of the next morning, he gave a victory speech to his supporters
in the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, and then, while making
his way to a press conference by a side exit, he was fatally
wounded by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan. Sirhan was arrested at
the scene, indicted for first degree murder, convicted, and,
on 23 April 1969, sentenced to die. However, his death sentence
was commuted to life imprisonment in 1972 when the California
Supreme Court abolished the death penalty.
Although Sirhan’s motives were
not entirely clear, the 05 June attack did come on the first
anniversary of the Israeli invasion of his homeland in the Six-Day
War, and he may have been retaliating against America’s historic
support of Israel. Others have alleged that Sirhan was part
of a larger assassination conspiracy, reportedly brought on
by Kennedy’s promise to end the Vietnam War if elected president.
These conspiracists cite forensic evidence and witness testimony
that they say proves the existence of additional shooters who
were not detained.
Es asesinado a tiros en Los Ángeles
el senador estadounidense Robert
Kennedy, por un inmigrante jordano. |
1963 William
Baziotes, pintor estadounidense.
1962 Yves Klein, French Conceptual artist born on 28 April 1928.
— LINKS
1961 Dr Carl Gustav Jung, 85, Swiss psychatrist — Carl
Gustav Jung, psicólogo suizo.
 1944
The fallen soldiers of D-Day:
^top^
Supreme Allied Commander General
Dwight D. Eisenhower gives the go-ahead for largest amphibious
military operation in history: Operation Overlord, code named
D-Day, the Allied invasion of northern France. By daybreak,
18'000 British and American parachutists are already on the
ground. At 06:30, American troops came ashore at Utah and Omaha
beaches. At Omaha, the US First Division battles high seas,
mist, mines, burning vehicles — and German coastal batteries,
including an elite infantry division, which spew heavy fire.
Many wounded Americans ultimately drown in the high tide.
British divisions, which land
at Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches, and Canadian troops also meet
with heavy German fire, but by the end of the day they are able
to push inland. Despite the German resistance, Allied casualties
overall are relatively light. The United States and Britain
each lose about 1000 men, and Canada 355. Before the day is
over, 155'000 Allied troops are in Normandy.
However, the United States manages
to get on shore only half of the 14'000 vehicles and a quarter
of the 14'500 tons of supplies they intended.
Three factors are decisive in
the success of the Allied invasion.
First, German counterattacks,
though firm, are sparse, enabling the Allies to create a broad
bridgehead, or advanced position, from which they are able to
build up enormous troop strength.
Second, Allied air cover, which destroyed
bridges over the Seine, forces the Germans to suffer long detours,
and naval gunfire proves decisive in protecting the invasion
troops.
And third, division and confusion
within the German ranks as to where the invasion would start
and how best to defend their position helps the Allies. (Hitler,
convinced another invasion is coming the next day east of the
Seine River, refuses to allow reserves to be pulled from that
area.)
Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery,
commander of Britain's Twenty-first Army Group (but under the
overall command of General Eisenhower, for whom Montgomery,
and his ego, proved a perennial thorn in the side), often claimed
later that the invasion had come off exactly as planned. That
was a boast, as evidenced by the failure to take Caen on the
first day, as scheduled.
While the operation is a decided
success, considering the number of troops put ashore and light
casualties, improvisation by courageous and quick-witted commanders
also play an enormous role.
The D-Day invasion has been the
basis for several movies, from The Longest Day (1962),
which boasted an all-star cast that included Richard Burton,
Sean Connery, John Wayne, Robert Mitchum-and Fabian, to Saving
Private Ryan (1998), which includes some of the most grippingly
realistic war scenes ever filmed, captured in the style of the
famous Robert Capa still photos of the actual invasion.
Se produce el desembarco de las
tropas aliadas de la II
Guerra Mundial en Normandía.
: le 6 juin 1944 fut certainement celui qui libéra le monde
de l’emprise de Hitler. Les Alliés avaient décidé cette opération
pour entrer dans la France occupée par les Allemands et en chasser
les nazis, ce qui leur ouvrirait les portes de la contre-offensive.
Opération délicate, conduite par les Américains avec, à leur
tête, le mythique général Eisenhower. Le 6 juin à l’aube, 850
000 soldats alliés, dont 90 000 Américains débarqueront sur
les plages de Normandie avec d’imposants moyens militaires.
Les troupes étaient transportées par 1 200 bâtiments de guerre.
Le Mur de l’Atlantique, édifié par Hitler, est pris d’assaut.
La riposte allemande tua des milliers de soldats alliés dans
la matinée même. Mais les Alliés réussirent à mettre les pieds
sur le sol français. Et livrer bataille aux nazis jusqu’à leur
abdication. |
1944 (D-day) Ker-Xavier Roussel, French Nabi
painter born on 10 December 1867.— LINKS
1943
Fubini,
mathematician.
1928 Bianchi,
mathematician.
1914 Gabriel Joseph Marie Augustin Férier, French artist
born on 27 September 1847.
1882 Some 100'000 are drowned by a cyclone in Arabian Sea (Bombay,
India).
1862 General Turner Ashby, killed near Harrisonburg, VA
1861 Camilo
Benso di Cavour, político italiano.
1846 Adèle Romany, French artist born on 07 December 1769.
 1799
Patrick
Henry, in Charlotte County, Virginia.
^top^
US independence Patriot, born
on 29 May (17 May Julian) 1736, who on 23 March 1775, before
the second Virginia Convention, would voice American opposition
to the increasingly oppressive British rule over the American
colonies with his “...give me liberty, or give me death!”
speech. [There seems to be more people who say: "Give me
liberty or give me wealth!". What I would say is: "Give
me liberty or give me freedom!"]. He dies on the 44th birthday
of Nathan Hale (another Patriot, whom the British hung when
he was 21)
Already, on 29 May 1765, his twenty-ninth
birthday, nine days a member of the Virginia
House of Burgesses, Patrick Henry had presented a series
of resolutions opposing the British Stamp Act. He concluded
his introduction of the Virginia Resolutions with the fiery
words “Caesar had his Brutus, Charles the First his Cromwell,
and George the Third — ” when, it is reported, voices cried
out, "Treason! treason!" He continued, " — and George the Third
may profit by their example! If this be treason make the most
of it."
Following the signing of the
US Declaration of Independence on 04 July 1776, Patrick Henry
was appointed governor of Virginia by the Continental Congress.
The first major American opposition to British policy came in
1765 after Parliament passed the Stamp Act, a taxation measure
to raise revenues for a standing British army in America. Under
the banner of "no taxation without representation," colonists
convened the Stamp Act Congress in October 1765 to vocalize
their opposition to the tax. With its enactment on 01 November
1765, most colonists called for a boycott of British goods and
some organized attacks on the customhouses and homes of tax
collectors. After months of protest, Parliament voted to repeal
the Stamp Act in March 1765, and most colonists quietly accepted
British rule until Parliament’s enactment of the Tea Act in
1773, which granted the East India Company a monopoly on the
American tea trade. Viewing this as another example of taxation
without representation, militant Patriots in Massachusetts organized
the "Boston Tea Party," which saw British tea valued at some
ten thousand pounds dumped into Boston harbor.
Parliament, outraged by the Boston
Tea Party and other blatant destruction of British property,
enacted the Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts,
in the following year. The colonists subsequently called the
first Continental Congress to consider a united American resistance
against the British. With the other colonies watching intently,
Massachusetts led the resistance to the British, forming a shadow
revolutionary government and establishing militias to resist
the increasing British military presence across the colony.
In April 1775, Thomas Gage, the British governor of Massachusetts,
ordered British troops to march to Concord, Massachusetts, where
a Patriot arsenal was known to exist. On 19 April 1775, the
British regulars encountered a group of American militiamen
at Lexington and the first volleys of the American Revolutionary
War were fired.
Introductory Note: In March of 1770, the English, had, in fact,
abolished all the duties it had imposed, except that on tea.
Quite aside from the rumblings coming from the colonies, these
duties were being felt at home. The Townsend duties had an impact
on the British commercial classes, for, there was a decline
in exports. Even the tax on tea was reduced so as to cure the
smuggling problem. At these lower rates, this tea tax would
likely have been tolerable in the colonies, except for this:
in May of 1773 the East India Company had been given authority
to sell its tea free of duty except that which was to be sold
in North America. In December of 1773, there then occurred the
Boston Tea Party. In response, England, in 1774, passed a number
of acts including The Boston Port Act, The
Quartering Act and The Massachusetts Government
Act. The effect of these acts was to close Boston to
foreign traffic, change the government and the courts of justice
of Massachusetts and to legalized the quartering of British
troops in colonial homes. The aim of these measures was to curb
rebellion. In return the civilian leaders of the colonies met
at Philadelphia, on September 5th, 1774: The first Continental
Congress. It passed five measures affecting the relations of
the colonies with the mother-country. It forbade the import
of English wares and ordered the cessation of all exports to
Great Britain, unless they were to be given redress of the colonial
grievances prior. Further, it approved of the opposition offered
to the late acts of Parliament by the people of Massachusetts
Bay. It then issued proclamations to the colonies, both north
and south, which called for their support. Thus, it was, that
on March 23rd, 1775, at Virginia, the largest colony in America,
and with the greatest ties and more English-like then any of
the other colonies, a meeting of its delegates took place in
St. John's church in Richmond. A number of the delegates were
abhorred by the notion that they should take steps which might
lead to war with the mother-country. The resolution was presented
by Patrick Henry. Before the vote was taken, he delivered a
speech in support. He stood; silent at first, then spoke quietly
and proceeded gradually to increase his speech in force and
in loudness reaching at the end a crescendo that still echoes
and will likely always echo in the hearts of men.
- No man
thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well
as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just
addressed the House. But different men often see the same
subject in different lights; and, therefore, I hope that
it will not be thought disrespectful to those gentlemen,
if, entertaining as I do opinions of a character very
opposite to theirs, I shall speak forth my sentiments
freely and without reserve.
This is
no time for ceremony. The question before the House is
one of awful moment to this country. For my own part I
consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom
or slavery; and in proportion to the magnitude of the
subject ought to be the freedom of the debate. It is only
in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth, and fulfill
the great responsibility which we hold to God and our
country. Should I keep back my opinions at such a time,
through fear of giving offense, I should consider myself
as guilty of treason towards my country, and of an act
of disloyalty towards the majesty of heaven, which I revere
above all earthly kings.
Mr. President,
it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope.
We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and
listen to the song of that siren, till she transforms
us into beasts. Is this the part of wise men, engaged
in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed
to be of the number of those who, having eyes, see not,
and having ears, hear not, the things which so nearly
concern their temporal salvation?
For my part,
whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to
know the whole truth — to know the worst and to provide
for it. I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided;
and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of
judging of the future but by the past. And judging by
the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct
of the British ministry for the last ten years, to justify
those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to
solace themselves and the House?
Is it that
insidious smile with which our petition has been lately
received? Trust it not, sir; it will prove a snare to
your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a
kiss. Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our
petition comports with these warlike preparations which
cover our waters and darken our land. Are fleets and armies
necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we
shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that force
must be called in to win back our love? Let us not deceive
ourselves, sir. These are the implements of war and subjugation
— the last arguments to which kings resort. I ask
gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its
purpose be not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen
assign any other possible motives for it? Has Great Britain
any enemy, in this quarter of the world, to call for all
this accumulation of navies and armies?
No, sir,
she has none. They are meant for us; they can be meant
for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon
us those chains which the British ministry have been so
long forging. And what have we to oppose to them? Shall
we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the
last ten years. Have we anything new to offer on the subject?
Nothing.
We have
held the subject up in every light of which it is capable;
but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to entreaty
and humble supplication? What terms shall we find which
have not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech
you, sir, deceive ourselves longer.
Sir, we
have done everything that could be done to avert the storm
which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated;
we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before
the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest
the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament.
Our petitions
have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional
violence and insult; our supplications have been disregarded;
and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot
of the throne. In vain, after these things, may we indulge
the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no
longer any room for hope.
If we wish
to be free — if we mean to preserve inviolate those
inestimable privileges for which we have been so long
contending — if we mean not basely to abandon the
noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged,
and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon until
the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained,
we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! An appeal
to arms and to the God of Hosts is all that is left us!
They tell
us, sir, that we are weak — unable to cope with so
formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger?
Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be
when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard
shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength
by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means
of effectual resistance, by lying supinely on our backs,
and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies
shall have bound us hand and foot?
Sir, we
are not weak, if we make a proper use of the means which
the God of nature hath placed in our power. Three millions
of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in
such a country as that which we possess, are invincible
by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides,
sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a
just God who presides over the destinies of nations, and
who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us.
The battle,
sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant,
the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election.
If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late
to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in
submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking
may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable
— and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come!
It is in
vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry,
"Peace! Peace!" — but there is no peace. The war
is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the
north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms!
Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here
idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they
have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased
at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty
God! I know not what course others may take; but as for
me, give me liberty, or give me death!
The vote of the Virginia delegates barely passed, but it passed;
and the movement we have come to know as the American Revolution
was to receive the support which it needed. Fighting erupted
on April 19, 1775, at Lexington and Concord, and was followed
that year by the capture of Fort Ticonderoga from the British,
the battle of Bunker Hill (June), and the unsuccessful colonial
assault on Quebec. |
|
Condamnés à mort par la Révolution:
^top^
1795 (18 prairial an III):
LAIE Jean Baptiste Pierre, graveur. domicilié à Paris,
par le conseil militaire établi à Paris, comme convaincu
d'avoir marché contre la convention, à la tête des séditieux,
dont il se disait commandant provisoire, dans la révolte
des 3 et 4 prairial an 3.
MAUGER René, perruquier, domicilié à Paris, par la
commission militaire établi à Paris, comme convaincu d'avoir
porté au bout de sa pique la tête du représentant du peuple
Ferraud sur la place du Carrouzel, et d'avoir été fauteur
de la conspiration contre la Convention nationale, les 3
et 4 prairial an 3.
1794 (18 prairial an II):
AUCHU François, marchand chapelier, domicilié à Lyon
(Rhône), comme contre-révolutionnaire, par la commission
révolutionnaire de Lyon.
DUIORE René, laboureur, domicilié à la Chap. Roinsin
(Mayenne et Loire), comme brigand de la Vendée, par la commission
révolutionnaire séante à Laval.
HUBERT René, maréchal, domicilié à Bozangers (Mayenne),
par la commission militaire séante à Mayenne, comme contre-révolutionnaire.
FERRAND Joseph, cordonnier domicilier à Carpentras
(Vaucluse), par le tribunal criminel dudit département, comme
émigré.
Par
la commission militaire séante à Bordeaux:
GIMET Marie, 32 ans, empeseure, née et domicilié à
Bordeaux (Gironde),pour avoir recelé trois prêtres réfractaires,
nommés Molinier, Joury (Soury?), Devillefumade.
...
comme prêtres réfractaires à la loi:
DEVIELLEFUMADE Jean, 30 ans, prêtre, natif de Ribeirac
(Dordogne).
MOLINIER Jean, 27 ans, se disant prêtre, natif de
Queilus (Lot), domicilié à Bordeaux (Gironde).
SOURY (JOURY?) Louis, 29 ans, ci-devant prêtre, curé,
natif de Rochechouart (Haute Vienne), domicilié à Bordeaux.
Par le tribunal révolutionnaire
de Paris:
FOIRET J. 27 ans, né et domicilié à Bruges, écrivain,
comme contre-révolutionnaire.
...
comme conspirateurs:
ROLLAND Jean, terrassier, 40 ans, né et domicilié
à Lamotte (Aube), ... ayant cherché conjointement avec la
femme Roussar, à corrompre les autorités constituées pour
procurer la liberté à son mari.
ROUSSAT Thomas, cultivateur, ex garde de bois de Terray,
57 ans, né et Domicilié à Lamotte (Aube), ... ayant dit lors
de la première réquisition qu’il était fâché du départ de
son fils, parce qu’il allait soutenir des foutus gueux, et
que cela ne lui ferait pas tant de peine, si ce même fils
partait pour servir dans les armées royales comme autrefois.
ABOULIN Joseph, lieutenant au 18e régiment de dragon,
domicilié à Cassade, ant. De Montauban (Lot).
CALLEVANT Antoine, 28 ans, né et demeurant à Buges,
charpentier.
DAUPHIN Jacques, (dit Chadébaud), 43 ans, natif de
Lapeyre, manœuvrier, domicilié à Chasseneuille (Charente).
FORRET Joseph, 17 ans, né à Bruges en Autriche [sic],
y demeurant, ... voyageant sans passe-port.
FOURNIER Joseph, ex curé et instituteur, 31 ans, domicilié
à Parelhem (Dordogne).
GROSMAIRE J. F. notaire 56 ans, né et domicilié à
Chimay (Ardennes), ex administrateur dudit département.
MARCHAIS Denise Elisabeth, femme de Vial, 52 ans,
née à Paris, domiciliée à Charenton, (Seine).
MERCIER Charles François (dit Daubeville), 69 ans,
président de l'élection de pithiviers, domicilié à
Pithiviers (Loiret).
...
domiciliés à Paris:
CABARET Albert, charpentier.
COUSIN Guillaume Jacques, 45 ans, né à Rouen, secrétaire
du procureur général au ci-devant parlement de Rouen, tenant
hôtel garni,.
DELAINEY Thomas, irlandais, 17 ans, déserteur du 9ème
régiment.
FORCEVILLE Elisabeth Françoise, ex noble, 42 ans,
née à Forceville (Somme).
JACQUEMONT Angélique, veuve Padel, ouvrière en linge,
49 ans, née à St Bris (Yonne).
LAVALETTE François Joseph Elisabeth Th., ex vicomte,
officier des gardes françaises, 39 ans, né à Paris.
MORDOLE Jacques, perruquier, ci-devant, valet de chambre
de Montmorin, 29 ans, né à Edimbourg,.
RODEN Patrice, tisserand, déserteur du régiment de
Berne, pour servir en France, natif de Quené en Angleterre.
VAUDIER-RINDON Jean, serrurier et déserteur autrichien,
25 ans, natif de Bruges, ... ayant entonné dans un cabaret
une chanson en l’honneur de Comptines, disant que c’était
à tort qu’il avait été guillotiné.
|
1731 Giovanni Odazzi, Italian artist born in 1663.
1704 Andrea Scacciati, Italian artist born in 1642.
1676 Jan Olis, Dutch artist born in 1610.
1678 Pieter Janszoon van Asch, Dutch painter born in 1603. —
LINKS
1217
Enrique
I, rey de Castilla.
|
On
a June 06: 
On the New York Stock Exchange the stock of Alamosa Holdings Inc. (APS)
is the top percentage loser. It drops from the previous close of $3.65
to an intraday low of $1.93 and closes at $2.49. It started trading on
15 March 1999 at $6.00, reached an all-time high of $39.88 on 27 March
2000, traded at $20.00 on 16 August 2001. Today's low is its all-time
low. The stock had just been downgraded from “Buy” to “LT
Buy” by JP Morgan, and from “Market Outperform” to “Market
Perform” by Robert W. Baird. Alamosa Holdings is a provider of wireless
personal communications services and a network operator of Sprint PCS,
with the exclusive right to provide services under the Sprint PCS brand
name. It spends more money than it earns. [APS 3-year price chart >]
1954
Aparece el enlace europeo de las televisiones de ocho países occidentales,
bajo los auspicios de 
Deaths
